THE ELEMENT OF SATIRE WITH RESPECT TO CHAUCERS Essay Example For Students

THE ELEMENT OF SATIRE WITH RESPECT TO CHAUCERS Essay CANTERBURY TALESTHESIS:THE ELEMENT OF SATIRE WITH RESPECT TO CHAUCERS CANTERBURY TALESIt is human nature to laugh when an event goes wrong or to make a mockery of an all too serious person. But what if authors had the power to use this instinct within humans to drive a point across? In fact they do and they call this literary toolsatire. Many authors have used this tool as a backbone in their writings; others have only managed to throw in elements of satire here and there. However, there was one author who had mastered this literary tool, and who could use it to the extremes. He had the ability to use it as playfully and lightheartedly as if to just tease. But, in an instant, he could use it to denigrate a person and ruin all that was left of their self-dignity. His name was Geoffrey Chaucer and his weapon of choice, satire. We will write a custom essay on THE ELEMENT OF SATIRE WITH RESPECT TO CHAUCERS specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Satire is one of the most effective ways of writing. It allows the writer to use his imagination to the fullest and be as malicious as he deems necessary, yet not cause the reader to leave in disgust (Highet 242). Satire is a form of literature that readers expect to find some form of profound ideas. However, with satire comes a variation of the truth. While satire is grounded in truth, it is a tainted form. Distorted by the writer as a way of expressing an idea (Highet 234). It is not quite certain where the origins of satire started, but most believe that it was the Romans to first coin the term satire (Highet 24). Satura, meaning dish of mixed ingredients (HTTP://WWW.GALENET.COM/SERVLET/DC). Two men that could be credited with the title of The Grandfathers of Satire are the Roman poets Horace and Lucilius who wrote volumes of poetry, which included their own views on world politics, social fads, and the characters of their friends (Highet 24). Now, one must ask oneself why would an author choose to write in satire? Possibly it was personal grudges (Highet 238). Or another reason may be to state an ideal. In this case, the satire is not just to belittle a particular idea, but also to send a warning as an example (Highet 243). Other reasons for a satirist include, their personal feeling of inferiority or the desire to better society (Highet 240-241). Chaucer was as straightforward as a man can get (Wagenknecht 72). He saw the world as a down to earth fellow who was regarded as sweet (Wagenknecht 141). Being the son of a vintner (victuallers were the peace party), he did not approve of war except that with a religious cause (Wagenknecht 56).It is said that Chaucer would naturally take and present the most unfavorable view of the clerical body, and a correspondingly favorable one of the military (Wagenknecht 56). This is why he is so critical of the Pardoner and Summoner who represent the church. This also explains why he holds the Knight with such high regard. Even though Chaucer wrote with much vulgarity towards the church it is important to note that Chaucer was indeed religious and a Christian at that (Wagenknecht 130). This becomes more evident when looking at how he satirizes the Wife of Bath in the following lines:From the Wife of Baths general prologueIn the whole parish there was not a womanWho dared precede her at the almsgiving,And if there did, so furious was she,That she was put out of all charity. (Wright 27)These lines illustrate how the Wife of Bath seems to be the first at the altar, and if she is not she becomes jealous of the other women. The Wife of Bath tends to represent herself as a woman who uses sex as a means of taking in husbands then holding them for their money, land, or even titles (Wagenknecht 99). Chaucer sees these faults clearly, and his saturations become a criticism, which hold that of Christian morals and principles (Wagenknecht 99). .u77494f281ab65947bf1ae9eef59e93e3 , .u77494f281ab65947bf1ae9eef59e93e3 .postImageUrl , .u77494f281ab65947bf1ae9eef59e93e3 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u77494f281ab65947bf1ae9eef59e93e3 , .u77494f281ab65947bf1ae9eef59e93e3:hover , .u77494f281ab65947bf1ae9eef59e93e3:visited , .u77494f281ab65947bf1ae9eef59e93e3:active { border:0!important; } .u77494f281ab65947bf1ae9eef59e93e3 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u77494f281ab65947bf1ae9eef59e93e3 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u77494f281ab65947bf1ae9eef59e93e3:active , .u77494f281ab65947bf1ae9eef59e93e3:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u77494f281ab65947bf1ae9eef59e93e3 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u77494f281ab65947bf1ae9eef59e93e3 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u77494f281ab65947bf1ae9eef59e93e3 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u77494f281ab65947bf1ae9eef59e93e3 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u77494f281ab65947bf1ae9eef59e93e3:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u77494f281ab65947bf1ae9eef59e93e3 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u77494f281ab65947bf1ae9eef59e93e3 .u77494f281ab65947bf1ae9eef59e93e3-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u77494f281ab65947bf1ae9eef59e93e3:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Causes Of The Great Depression EssayThough Chaucer was a man of religious standards he is also a man of tolerance (Wagenknecht 61). He knew all too well that he was, in fact, not perfect. And when he chooses to satirize the Monk he holds this into account. It then becomes clear how Chaucer was a person who saw the faults of people, but was able to look past it if the intent of the character was good:From the Monks general prologueI noticed that his sleeves were edged and trimmedWith squirrel fur, the finest in the land. For fastening his hood beneath his chin,He wore an elaborate golden pin. (Wright 13)These lines describe how the Monk was dressed which was very much out of the normal attire assigned to monks at that time. The Monk is a man who does what he wants with no regard for the church in which hes pledged his soul. Chaucer satirizes the Monk rather lightly compared to other criticisms. And what it amounts to would be a slap on the wrist, this is because Chaucer realizes the Monk has done wrong, but he is not hurting anyone. The Pardoners and the Summoners descriptions are more serious. This is due to the fact that Pardoner and the Summoner are more opportunistic than any other pilgrims. The Friar fits in with them but he is also not nearly as bad. Chaucers satire becomes more insulting and less joking when he writes about the Pardoner and the Summoner. This is to show his extreme disgust for the two. From the Pardoners general prologueThis pardon-sellers hair was yellow as wax,And sleekly hanging, like a hank of flax. In meagre clusters hung what hair he had;Over his shoulders, a few strands were spread,But they lay thin, in rats tails, one by one. As for a hood, for comfort he wore none. (Wright 39)From the Summoners general prologueWhose face was fire-red, like the cherubim;All covered with carbuncles; his eyes narrow (Wright 37). In both descriptions, Chaucer paints a picture of these men who are less than men, as disgusting as he can conceive. He loathes the two because they work and travel together. The Summoner produces false summons, while the Pardoner sells forged pardons. Chaucer makes them the epitome of all that is evil. His description of the Pardoner and his hair allows the reader to make the connection between him and that of a rat, an animal often associated with being very devious. Chaucer has endless amounts of satire usage in his works. As if spades up a card players sleeve, Chaucer can play his card at anytime. He truly uses all his imagination developing the characters and their approach to life. It becomes more apparent than not how Chaucers principles and standards affect his writing. Satire is not the greatest form of literature but one of the most energetic and memorable forms (Highet contents: ix). This becomes ever so clear in Chaucers writings. For he has the ability to make the reader laugh and cause him to think at the same time. He did not care for the reviews of others, he wrote on his own time.He was confident with himself in every aspect (Wagenknecht 72). Chaucer was a jolly old man who loved to make people laugh. BIBLIOGRAPHYHIGHET, GILBERT. THE ANATOMY OF SATIRE. PRINCETON: PRINCETON UP, 1962. WAGENKNECHT, EDWARD. THE PERSONALITY OF CHAUCER. NORMAN: UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA PRESS, 1968. WRIGHT, DAVID, ED. THE CANTERBURY TALES. GREAT BRITAIN: OXFORD UP, 1985. SATIRE. GALE GROUP. DEC. 2000. MERRIAM-WEBSTERS ENCYCLOPEDIA OF LITERATURE 1995. NOV. 27 2001.

morals of gm foods essays

morals of gm foods essays In this essay I intend to explore the ethical implications of developing genetically modified plants and analyse if the advantages out-weigh the disadvantages. However before I start to discuss the ethical implications of this type of work it is first necessary to clarify exactly what is meant by ethics and genetically modified foods. Ethics are, The study of the general nature of morals and of the specific moral choices to be made by a person; or the rules or standards governing the conduct of a person or the members of a profession: medical ethics. (dictionary.com). In simple terms ethics are the moral code by which we live our lives. They tell us what is right and what is wrong and form our moral conscience. Genetically modified foods are foods where, Desirable genes can be transferred from an organism to a crop plant. (Inge, Rowland and Baker, 2000). This can lead to plants being resistant to viruses and in the case of the corn plant, making it resistant to drought. These are the evident advantages of genetically modified plants but there are disadvantages such as plants being modified so that they become resistant to herbicides and pesticides. If these plants cross-pollinate with other plants then this resistance could spread making plants resistant to all kinds of pathogens. So what are the implications of genetically modified plants? The main concern of many people is the safety of genetically modified plants. This concern arises from the implantation of animals genes into plants and from possible allergic reactions caused by implanting, for example, the genes from a Brazil nut into another product. This did actually happen with the development of a soybean which included a Brazil nut protein however the research was immediately stopped when an allergen problem was detected and the plant was never grown outside of a greenhouse. (Marchant ...

Home Alone Quotes

Home Alone Quotes In the 1990 movie Home Alone, 8-year-old Kevin McCallister is accidentally left behind (via a series of unlikely events) while the rest of his family is on vacation in Europe for the Christmas holidays. Kevin believes the situation is due to his wish that his family would disappear, so (for some reason) does not seem alarmed, and doesnt contact the authorities. Unfortunately for Kevin, two bumbling robbers (played by Joe Pesci and Daniel Stern) are casing the neighborhood looking for homes whose occupants are away on vacation. They settle on Kevins house, but he prepares a series of booby traps to keep them from entering. Eventually, Kevins family returns and the bad guys get caught. The movie was a huge box-office success  and launched the acting career of child star Macauley Culkin, who played Kevin. It spawned four sequels, each increasingly more far-fetched (this family cant possibly abandon their child so frequently, after all).   Quotes From Home Alone Kevin: When I grow up and get married Im living alone! Did you hear me? Im living alone! Im living alone! Im living alone! Kevin: I made my family disappear. I made my family disappear! Kevin: Bless this highly nutritious microwavable macaroni and cheese dinner and the people who sold it on sale. Amen. Kevin: This is my house, I have to defend it. Kevin: Hey, Im not afraid anymore! I said Im not afraid anymore! Do you hear me? Im not afraid anymore! Kevin: You guys give up yet? Or are you thirsty for more? Kevin: Down here, you idiots! Come and get me before I call the police! Kevin: Will you please tell Santa that instead of presents this year, I just want my family back. Harry (first burglar): Merry Christmas, little fella! We know that youre in there and that youre all alone. Harry: You bomb me with one more can, kid, and Ill snap off your cajones and boil them in motor oil! Harry: Its too late for you, kid; were already in the house. Were gonna get ya! Marv (second burglar): Yeah, come on, kid, open up. Its Santa Claus... and his elf! Marv: Hes a kid. Kids are stupid. I know I was. Marley (Kevins elderly neighbor): You live down the street from me, right? You know anytime you see me you can always say hello, you dont have to be afraid. A lot of stuff has been said about me... none of its true. Kevin: No offense, arent you too old to be afraid?Marley: You can be too old for a lot of things, but youre never too old to be afraid. Kate McCallister (Kevins mother): This is Christmas, the season of perpetual hope. And I dont care if I have to get out on your runway and hitchhike. If it costs me everything I own, if I have to sell my soul to the devil himself, I am going to get home to my son. Kate McCallister: How could we do this? We forgot him.Peter McCallister (Kevins father): We didnt forget him, we just miscounted.Kate: What kind of a mother am I?Frank: If it makes you feel any better, I forgot my reading glasses.

Analysis of Clinton article America's Pacific Century Essay

Analysis of Clinton article America's Pacific Century - Essay Example All in all, whether the US will be at the center of the action is very much dependent on strategy. The basic assumption when it comes to national perspectives is that each and every state will have its interests that are to be pursued. Colonel Arthur Lykke proposes a three element approach when formulating a strategy (Bartholomees 3). This can be summarized as the end, ways and means approach. Strategy serves to control its surrounding instead of reacting to it. It enables the use of power in either a persuasive or coercive manner to achieve set goals. Based on the USAWC Strategy Formulation Framework, Clinton seems to be on the right track. The ideas articulated in the article are in line with the core national interests of the nation (Bartholomees 399) namely; security, stability, promotion of values and economic wellness. Clinton recognizes the need to invest the US resources wisely over the next ten years as this will have a great bearing the future of the nation as a world power (Clinton 1). She clearly states the strategic vision of the Obama administration as being guided by three principles. These are; maintaining political consensus, quickly adapting into the newly formed alliances and guaranteeing defense for new allies. The importance of the region is greatly emphasized. Clinton first points out that the US needs to reposition and not withdraw from the region as is proposed by some in the political scene. She highlights the market potential in Asia for American businesses as one of the key reasons to reposition. She also reiterates that the key to stability and security at home is the stability of areas abroad. The open markets in Asia are seen as an opportunity to invest, conduct trade and access latest technologies. These markets are also portrayed as being important to recovery of the US economy. Given the economic crisis that the nation went through a while back, it would be unwise not to seize the available opportunity for a speedy recovery. Cli nton advocates for a symbiotic relationship between Asia and the US. This proposal underlies the idea that both the US and Asia-Pacific need each other in order to progress well to the future. The article also distinctively identifies the national interests of the country. The most important is the issue of security. Several ways have been proposed on how to implement the strategy. Clinton first calls for application of a forward deployed diplomacy. In this case diplomatic assets are used to achieve partnership. Six key aspects have been forwarded as the basis for this approach. They are; the strengthening of security alliances; intensifying the work relationships with the emerging powers, this includes China; interacting with multilateral organizations in the region; expansion of investment and trading activities; establishing military presence; and championing for democracy and application of human rights in partner countries. There are several alliance treaties that exist with Co untries such as Japan, Australia, Thailand, South Korea and the Philippines. The countries have been identified as a fulcrum to the strategies that the US plans to apply in the Asia-Pacific region. Though the treaties have proven to be beneficial to the US, Clinton calls for the update of the treaties to make them more relevant to the current times. The alliance with Japan is

Blended Learning Implementation in Universities Essay

Blended Learning Implementation in Universities - Essay Example Unfortunately, not all universities have a clear view on how blended learning can be implemented. The goal of this paper is to highlight the most important points and offer a strategic framework for the development and implementation of blended learning strategies in higher education. The paper includes the definition and discussion of blended learning, the main criteria of effectiveness in blended learning environments, possible ways to implement blended learning in the classroom, and a common framework for higher education institutions seeking to implement the blended learning approach. Blended learning: models and implementation Regardless of the goals and objectives of blended learning in universities, the process of implementing blended learning models in higher education mandates the development of strong and complex program implementation frameworks. The overall process of developing and implementing blended learning programs includes the following elements: institutional, ped agogical, technological, design, evaluation and management, support and ethics (Singh 2003). This is actually a unique and extremely useful implementation framework that was proposed by Singh (2003). ... ecide whether it possesses technical and personnel capabilities required, to guarantee that all learners have equal access to blended learning instruments. At this stage of implementation, universities need to perform a detailed needs analysis, to understand what learners need and how blended learning can satisfy their needs. This is the planning stage of the implementation process in blended learning, which must include both strategic and operational aspects (Garrison & Kanuka 2004). In strategic terms, universities must necessarily evaluate the needs, objectives and goals of blended learning, its potential benefits, costs and the availability of resources (Garrison & Kanuka 2004). Operational planning has to be considered, in order to operationalize the goals and objective of blended learning and turn them into an action plan (Garrison & Kanuka 2004). For example, universities may develop advertising strategies to engage learners in blended contexts or attend to the needs of managi ng technologies effectively. Then follow the pedagogical and technological considerations. Universities that seek to implement blended learning approaches must decide upon the content to be included in the blend, the learning objectives to be met, and the learner needs (Singh 2003). In other words, here education professionals link the needs of learners to the learning objectives and the instruments to be used, to help learners meet these learning objectives. For example, if learners are expected to develop a new product or marketing model, then product simulation can become an essential component of the blend (Singh 2003). Once these delivery methods are identified, universities can proceed to decide upon the types of technologies to be used in blended learning. Here, technical

The development of Beatrice and Benedicks relationship Essay Example for Free

The development of Beatrice and Benedicks relationship Essay Benedick and Beatrice’s relationship is very lively throughout the play. At the beginning of the play they mock each other constantly in a jokey banterous fashion. Both of them are very independent and don’t believe in love. Their friends trick them into falling in love with each other and succeed, so that by the end of the play Beatrice and Benedick have a strong relationship and marry. At the beginning of the play (1, 1) Beatrice and Benedick constantly mock each other trying to outwit each other with quite sharp comments. For example Benedick says â€Å"well, you are a rare parrot teacher† to annoy Beatrice he says this in a jibing way to provoke her saying that she is too chatty and talks too much. Beatrice responds by saying â€Å"a bird of my tongue is better than a beast of yours†. By this she means she’d rather be a parrot that speaks too much than a beast that can’t speak well. She says this as a comeback. Beatrice insults Benedick by saying he’s untrue to his friends and a backstabber. â€Å"Who is his companion now he hath every month a new sworn brother† when Beatrice uses the words â€Å"a new sworn brother† she’s saying that he swears his trust to a new man every month. The use of the word ‘brother’ implies that they become really close before he turns on them. Beatrice says to Benedick’s face that he is â€Å"dull fool† and pretends that she doesn’t know that he is behind the mask at the masked ball. â€Å"Why he is the princes’ jester, a very dull fool†. When Beatrice is speaking to Benedick behind the mask, she carries on mocking him, the use of the word ‘dull’ shows that she thinks of him as boring, dull and not funny. (2, 1) When Benedick is tricked into loving Beatrice, he declares his love for her. He says â€Å"I will be horribly in love with her†. The use of the word horribly suggests that he is going to be madly in love with her. The audience can feel his strong emotions with the use of these words. (2,3) In the middle if the play, When Beatrice is tricked into loving Benedick she immediately declares her love back to him. â€Å"taming my wild heart to thy loving hand†. When Beatrice says this she is devoting her love to Benedick even though this was all just a big deception to get them to love each other. The use of the phrase ‘taming my wild heart’ suggests that she has finally found love and has been tamed like an animal. The audience get the feeling that both Beatrice and Benedick are quite desperate for love, even though they don’t show it, because as soon as the opportunity for love comes in they both take the chance despite the fact that they used to  mock each other and things Benedick said that implies that he has no intent of marriage â€Å"Shall I never see a bachelor of three againâ⠂¬  (3,1) Benedick says that although he cannot rhyme and write poems he is an amazing lover better than everyone in the world. â€Å"Although Leander and Troilus have a reputation of being amazing lovers they are not as in love as I am† Benedick is saying that the best lovers Leander and Troilus is not as good as loving as him because the best thing he’s got is how much he loves Beatrice.

MARKETING DEPARTMENT :: Business and Management Studies

MARKETING DEPARTMENT The aim of this department is to make sure that the business produces goods that consumers would want to buy and sell. Activities of marketing and sales department at Sainsbury's: Market Research: this type of research is a research that Sainsbury's would like to find if a product or a service is suitable for the consumers. This is because they can find out what kind of products or services the consumer's wants. Sainsbury's would also like to find out about if the product exists, if so, how would they manage to improve it. There are two types of research Sainsbury's could use 1) field research and 2) desk research. Promotion: this is to tell the customers that the products or services that is available by advertising will encourage the customers to buy the products or services by offering promotions. Sales: this provides that the goods and services are suitable to customers that they need or want. This area of department involves making sales. This function helps Sainsbury's to achieve the objectives. The way they manage to do this is by increase their sales so that it increases its market share or market segment. The market research is carried out to identify the customer needs. Sainsbury's also would like to increase their image name. This is because Sainsbury's would like to provide the customers with good products so that they can fulfil the customer needs and increase the sales within the promotion offers e.g. get one and get the second one free. Promotion is an important marketing function for Sainsbury's. This is because Sainsbury's would like to increase the awareness, attract new customers, and increase sales and profits. The marketing function for Sainsbury's takes into account the four marketing mix e.g. product, price, place and promotion. How the marketing department helps Sainsbury’s meet objectives. Market research. When an organisation is in a market it is good that your can look at other activity in the market. Sainsbury’s is in the market of an oligopoly and few big firms run this kind of market. One of the objectives of Sainsbury’s is to gain market share. Sainsbury’s will be looking to beat competitors. To beat competitors Sainsbury’s will need to research and see what business activity they do compare to Sainsbury’s. If they research they can think of way to beat competitors in the market. Promotion. Promotion of products and Sainsburys plc is vital to them. Sainsbury’s will want everyone to know who they are and what products they sell. For Saisnbury’s to advertise products they do it through the marketing department. The marketing department will be expected to promote the products they sell to the correct audience.

Eth prescribed notes

Everyone has it Everyone has some talent that Is stronger than someone else Talent does not equal Intelligence/ knowledge/ skills/ specific ablest Talent starts with genetic Inheritance unique patterns of personality/ temperament/ behavioral traits play a big role In who we are/ become Always work on your students' strengths not their weaknesses. MYTH 1 :III learn in the same way Each personal learning / thinking / working style Is a style conducive to the person, & however comfortable they are doing the task.Each has a different way of taking In Info, storing, processing, retrieving & converting It Into knowledge Einstein said, imagination is more important than knowledge, he came up with his relativity theory by imagining a ride on a moonbeam. MYTH 2 :luminescent is fixed at birth & accurately determined by standard IQ tests Skills measured IQ are not all the skills a person possesses which constitute intelligence Only 20% of Intelligence Is analytical, constitute all other intelli gences. All people have individual strengths. Goals strengthen strengths & correct weaknesses. Excellence must be broadly defined.There are many forms of intelligence / traits/ talents that a person possesses Howard Gardener mentions 8 types An educator should help learners choose a field of study that matches learner's talent. MYTH 4 : Intelligence Is Inherited Need : Nature (inheritance) + Nurture(development through environment, experience, & culture) = to gain intelligence Born with traits & propensities for learning & specific talents Home, schooling, living environment is vital to develop those talents you were born with, & to build new sets of skills & abilities.

Juicy Red Tomato Company Essay

Point of View In Juicy Red Tomato Company case analysis, we will take the company owner’s point of view. Observation Juicy Red Tomato Company (JRT), a tomato grower operating in Florida is paying attention in determining (1) the effectiveness and competence of its organizational structure, and (2) the selection and prolongation of managerial personnel stay in the company. Internal expenditures are getting higher. Also, key workforces are leaving. Lastly, the company is thinking if they are going to spread out its operations. Preliminary Data Gathering (Interview, Literature Survey) Accomplished introductory interviews within the organization and investigated of the produce industry, and company circumstances with related challenges. For 15 years, the business has been operational. During those years, it has full-fledged at a scale of about 5% per year. For its first 10 years of the company’s subsistence, expenses have remained stable. But over the preceding 3 years, costs have increased by 2.5% to 4%. Grounds mentioned by Juicy Red Tomato Company include unanticipated temperature falling off, pests, and augmented labor expenses. Management has had a tendency to come from inside the organization, as long-standing employees â€Å"rise through the ranks†. Over the previous year, many long-term, key personnel have left because they think they have â€Å"no future† waiting for them with JRT. On the other hand, Juicy Red Tomato Company is on the brink for an improved rate of growth. It is by means of potential spreading out of the business. Problem Definition (Research problem demarcated) It seems that there has been a lack of communication between manufacture and operations. Therefore, it can be concluded that at Juicy Red Tomato Company, the organizational structure needs to be more participatory and adaptable. Furthermore, there is a high need for maintenance across all levels of employees, managerial personnel, as well as frontline workers. Theoretical Framework (Variable clearly identified and categorized) In the world of innovation and alteration we are living today, one of the most important supervision challenges is fabricating more flexible organizational structures. According to Participatory Management, Teamwork, and Leadership by Jaime Herrera S., an expert in human-resource development and organizational development, the participatory model of management must be established on ideology and values. It has to go along together with a statement of purpose and can materialize the foundation of a mission statement. An organization calls for an extensive, shared mental picture of the future, a distinctiveness, a standpoint with relation to its goals and how they can be achieved. It also needs a management that knows how to make everyone head to same direction and a leadership that is a propelling strength for change and which derives its power from a philosophy of absolute trust and dedication. Nowadays, organizations are switching their old vertical hierarchical formation with new horizontal or structures that are matrix based. It is connecting traditional utilities through inter functional teams, and establishing tactical agreement with suppliers, consumers and even competitors. In fact, the future company has an organizational structure that is possible to reconfigure so that it can achieve the finest use of teams that are flexible and whose personality varies over time. It is in coordination with an outcome of the satisfaction of market and consumers’ necessities and expectations. Also, it has to consider the performance of competitors and other market aspects. The acquirement of indispensable competencies and the formation of consortiums to make access available to potentials and resources for those who do not possess them are factors that must not be disregarded. The style of management must transform from one that is of control to one that is of training and supervision. The organization should move to the perception of an organization that is without boundaries. The structure of an organization without boundaries is based on a paradigm that lay emphasis on the free movement of individuals, information, ideas, procedures, responsibilities and resources of every type. (S., 2001) Furthermore, there are two classifications of organizational structures that are widely used today: the mechanistic structure and the organic structure. These are developed by Tom Burns and G. M. Stalker who conducted their study of electronics firms in the U.K. in the case of JRT, the most appropriate organizational structure is the organic structure. It is more flexible and more adjustable to a participative type of administration. Also, it is not as much concerned with a clearly classified structure. An organic structure is receptive to the environment so that it can venture on new opportunities. Organic organizations are also called flat organizations. These organizations have decentralized tactic to management. It encourages high employee participation in making decisions. Its chief purpose is to form small enterprises that are independent and can respond easily and immediately to the needs of the customers or to the changes in the business atmosphere. JRT can also apply boundaryless organizations. Like flat organizations, it put highlight on teams. Horizontal hindrances are dispersed by cross-functional teams. It also enables the company to have immediate response to changes in environment. In additional, it allows the organization to lead innovation. Boundaryless organizations are able to form relationships with customers, dealers, and even with its competitors. These relationships can be regarding shared ventures, intellectual assets, monetary resources, or allocation channels. Tactical associations, customer-organization connections and telecommuting can dissolve external boundaries. Production activities are being modernized and become more efficient. In smoothing the progress of interactions with their customers and suppliers, Jack Welch first applied this un-structure. Welch is the former CEO of General Electric. (Supervision, 1998) A boundaryless organization is also a learning organization. This is for the reason that learning organizations necessitates boundaryless surroundings to assist sharing of information and collaboration of teams. When all members play a functional role in identifying issues that are work-related and able to resolve them, the organization is able to cultivate unremitting capacity to adjust and endure in a gradually more competitive environment. Eventually, it will acquire learning culture. A learning organization is able to fit and respond to alterations. It authorizes employees because they gain and share learning and use it in making decisions. To enhance performance, they bring together cooperative intelligence and accelerate creative thought. They are partaking and aligning the company’s visualization of the future. They also nourish the meaning of community and glaring culture. (Supervision, 1998) On the retention issue of the employees, L. John Mason gives some tips in making your employees stay in the company. He got these advices from top executives and Human Resource managers that are very successful. Employers should be given proper care and concern. First thing to keep in mind is to treat them like your valued customers. Hiring and preparing new ones is more expensive than keeping your old workers. Secondly, tell them in a convincing way that they have a major role in the company’s vision. Also, the employee should know his/her workers and their strengths. The employee can put them in the right jobs and positions in the organization. They should still have fun while working. In the case of JRT, the management can come up with a committee of employees that will help utilize retention strategies. This is effective because employees know the need of their co-workers. In additional, the employee should give his/her best to compromise with the employees regarding their needs. Lastly, recognize their efforts. Make employees feel they are appreciated. (Mason, 2005) To make these things possible, appropriate training, improvement, and education should be given to the employees at the right time. Through this, the employer can make them more productive, increase their knowledge, and gain more loyalty. (S., 2001) Creating Of Hypothesis Juicy Red Tomato Company needs to pay much attention in retention of its managerial personnel and also of frontier manufacture employees. Moreover, JRT has to make some development in communication between production and processes. (â€Å"Philosophy Decision Analysis Homework Help†, 2004-2005) Improvement in organizational structures can also make a big difference in the company’s present scenario. Mason, L. J. (2005). Top 10 Retention Strategies: Save Money on Personnel Turnover [Electronic Version]. EzineArticle. Retrieved September 10, 2006 from http://www.ezinearticles.com/?Top-10-Retention-Strategies:-Save-Money-on-Personnel-Turnover&id=94632. Philosophy Decision Analysis Homework Help. (2004-2005). Retrieved September 10, 2006, from http://www.brainmass.com/homeworkhelp/philosophy/decisionanalysis/47971/ S., J. H. (2001). PARTICIPATORY MANAGEMENT, TEAMWORK AND LEADERSHIP: Key requirements for the success of organizations in the twenty-first century. Retrieved September 10, 2006, from http://www.itu.int/itudoc/itu-d/hrdqpub/hrdq/hrdq86/part_ww7.doc Supervision. (1998). Organizing Process Retrieved September 10, 2006, from http://telecollege.dcccd.edu/mgmt1374/book_contents/3organizing/org_process/org_process.htm

A Brief History of Chinese Opera

A Brief History of Chinese Opera Since the time of the Tang Dynastys Emperor Xuanzong from 712 to 755- who created the first national opera troupe called the Pear Garden- Chinese opera has been one of the most popular forms of entertainment in the country, but it actually started nearly a millennium before in the Yellow River Valley during the Qin Dynasty.   Now, more than a millennium after Xuanzongs death, it is enjoyed by political leaders and commoners alike in many fascinating and innovative ways, and Chinese opera performers are still referred to as Disciples of the Pear Garden, continuing to perform an astonishing 368 different forms of Chinese opera. Early Development Many of the features that characterize modern Chinese opera developed in northern China, particularly in the Shanxi and Gansu Provinces, including the use of certain set characters like Sheng (the man), Dan (the woman), Hua (the painted face) and Chou (the clown). In Yuan Dynasty times- from 1279 to 1368- opera performers began to use the vernacular language of the common people rather than Classical Chinese. During the Ming Dynasty- from 1368 to 1644- and the Qing Dynasty- from 1644 to 1911- the northern traditional singing and drama style from Shanxi was combined with melodies from a southern form of Chinese opera called Kunqu. This form was created in the Wu region, along the Yangtze River. Kunqu Opera revolves around the Kunshan melody, created in the coastal city of Kunshan. Many of the most famous operas that are still performed today are from the Kunqu repertoire, including The Peony Pavilion, The Peach Blossom Fan, and adaptations of the older Romance of the Three Kingdoms and Journey to the West. However, the stories have been rendered into various local dialects, including Mandarin for audiences in Beijing and other northern cities. The acting and singing techniques, as well as costumes and makeup conventions, also owe much to the northern Qinqiang or Shanxi tradition. Hundred Flowers Campaign This rich operatic heritage was almost lost during Chinas dark days in the mid-twentieth century. The Communist regime of the Peoples Republic of China- from 1949 to present- initially encouraged the production and performance of operas old and new. During the Hundred Flowers Campaign in 1956 and 57- in which the authorities under Mao encouraged intellectualism, the arts and even criticism of the government- Chinese opera blossomed anew. However, the Hundred Flowers Campaign may have been a trap. Beginning in July of 1957, the intellectuals and artists who had put themselves forward during Hundred Flowers period were purged. By December of that same year, a stunning 300,000 people had been  labeled  rightists and were subjected to punishments from informal criticism to internment in labor camps or even execution. This was a preview of the horrors of the Cultural Revolution of 1966 through 1976, which would imperil the very existence of Chinese opera and other traditional arts. Cultural Revolution The Cultural Revolution was the regimes attempt to destroy old ways of thinking by outlawing such traditions as fortune telling, paper-making, traditional Chinese dress and the study of classic literature and arts. An attack on one Beijing opera piece and its composer signaled the start of the Cultural Revolution. In 1960, Maos government had commissioned Professor Wu Han to write an opera about Hai Rui, a minister of the Ming Dynasty who was fired for criticizing the Emperor to his face. Audiences saw the play as a critique of the Emperor- and thus Mao- rather than of Hai Rui representing disgraced Minister of Defense Peng Dehuai. In reaction, Mao performed an about-face in 1965, publishing harsh criticism of the opera and of composer Wu Han, who was eventually fired. This was the opening salvo of the Cultural Revolution. For the next decade, opera troupes were disbanded, other composers and scriptwriters were purged and performances were banned. Until the fall of the Gang of Four in 1976, only eight model operas were allowed. These model operas were personally vetted by Madame Jiang Qing and were entirely politically innocuous. In essence, Chinese opera was dead. Modern Chinese Opera After 1976, Beijing opera and the other forms were revived, and once more placed within the national repertoire. Older performers who had survived the purges were allowed to pass on their knowledge to new students again. Traditional operas have been freely performed since 1976, though some newer works have been censored and new composers criticized as the political winds have shifted over the intervening decades. Chinese opera makeup is particularly fascinating and rich in meaning. A character with mostly red makeup or a red mask is brave and loyal. Black symbolizes boldness and impartiality. Yellow denotes ambition, while pink stands for sophistication and cool-headedness. Characters with primarily blue faces are fierce and far-seeing, while green faces show wild and impulsive behaviors. Those with white faces are treacherous and cunning- the villains of the show. Finally, an actor with only a small section of makeup in the center of the face, connecting the eyes and nose, is a clown. This is called xiaohualian, or the little  painted  face. Today, more than thirty forms of Chinese opera continue to be performed regularly throughout the country. Some of the most prominent of which are the Peking opera of Beijing, Huju opera of Shanghai, the Qinqiang of Shanxi, and Cantonese opera.   Beijing (Peking) Opera The dramatic art form known as Beijing opera- or Peking opera- has been a staple of Chinese entertainment for more than two centuries. It was founded in  1790 when the Four Great Anhui Troupes went to Beijing to perform for the Imperial Court. Some 40 years later, well-known opera troupes from Hubei joined the Anhui performers, melding their regional styles. Both the Hubei and Anhui opera troupes used two primary melodies adapted from the Shanxi musical tradition: Xipi and Erhuang. From this amalgam of local styles, the new Peking or Beijing opera developed. Today, Beijing Opera is considered  Chinas  national art form. Beijing Opera is famous for convoluted plots, vivid makeup, beautiful costumes and sets and the unique vocal style used by performers. Many of the 1,000 plots- perhaps not surprisingly- revolve around political and military strife, rather than romance. The basic stories are often hundreds or even thousands of years old involving historic and even supernatural beings.   Many fans of Beijing Opera are worried about the fate of this art form. The traditional plays make reference to many facts of pre-Cultural Revolution  life and history that are unfamiliar to young people. Furthermore, many of the stylized movements have particular meanings that can be lost on uninitiated audiences. Most troubling of all, operas must now compete with films, TV shows, computer games, and the internet for attention. The Chinese government is using grants and contests to encourage young artists to participate in Beijing Opera. Shanghai (Huju) Opera Shanghai opera (Huju) originated at about the same time as Beijing opera, around 200 years ago. However, the Shanghai version of opera is based on local folk-songs of the Huangpu River region rather than deriving from Anhui and Shanxi.  Huju  is performed in the Shanghainese dialect of Wu Chinese, which is not mutually intelligible with  Mandarin. In other words, a person from Beijing would not understand the lyrics of a  Huju  piece. Due to the relatively recent nature of the stories and songs that make up  Huju, the costumes and makeup are comparatively simple and modern. Shanghai opera performers wear costumes that resemble the street clothing of ordinary people from the pre-communist era. Their makeup is not much more elaborate than that worn by western stage actors, in stark contrast to the heavy and significant grease-paint used in the other Chinese Opera forms. Huju  had its heyday in the 1920s and 1930s. Many of the stories and songs of the Shanghai region show a definite western influence. This is not surprising, given that the major European powers maintained trading concessions and consular offices in the thriving port city, prior to World War II. Like many of the other regional opera styles,  Huju  is in danger of disappearing forever. Few young actors take up the art form since there is much greater fame and fortune to be had in movies, TV, or even Beijing Opera. Unlike Beijing Opera, which is now considered a national art form, Shanghai Opera is performed in a local dialect and thus does not translate well to other provinces. Nevertheless, the city of Shanghai has millions of residents, with tens of millions more in the near vicinity. If a concerted effort is made to introduce younger audiences to this interesting art form,  Huju  may survive to delight theater-goers for centuries to come. Shanxi Opera (Qinqiang) Most forms of Chinese opera owe their singing and acting styles, some of their melodies, and their plot-lines to the musically fertile Shanxi province, with its thousand-year-old Qinqiang  or  Luantan  folk melodies. This ancient form of art first appeared in the  Yellow River  Valley during the  Qin Dynasty  from B.C. 221 to 206 and was popularized at the Imperial Court at modern-day  Xian during the  Tang Era, which spanned from 618 to 907 A.D. The repertoire and symbolic movements continued to develop in Shanxi Province throughout the  Yuan Era  (1271-1368) and the Ming Era (1368-1644). During the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911), Shanxi Opera was introduced to the court at Beijing. The Imperial audiences so enjoyed Shanxi singing that the form was incorporated into Beijing Opera, which is now a national artistic style. At one time, the repertoire of Qinqiang included over 10,000 operas; today, only about 4,700 of them are remembered. The  arias  in Qinqiang Opera are divided into two types:  huan  yin, or joyous tune, and  ku  yin, or sorrowful tune. Plots in Shanxi Opera often deal with fighting oppression, wars against the northern barbarians, and issues of loyalty. Some Shanxi Opera productions include special effects such as fire-breathing or acrobatic twirling, in addition to the standard operatic acting and singing. Cantonese Opera Cantonese Opera, based in southern China and overseas ethnic Chinese communities, is a very formalized operatic form that emphasizes gymnastic and martial arts skills. This form of Chinese Opera predominates in Guangdong,  Hong Kong, Macau,  Singapore,  Malaysia, and in Chinese-influenced areas in western countries. Cantonese Opera was first performed during the reign of the Ming Dynasty Jiajing Emperor from 152 to 1567. Originally based on the older forms of Chinese Opera, Cantonese Opera began to add local folk melodies, Cantonese instrumentation, and eventually even Western popular tunes. In addition to traditional Chinese instruments such as the  pipa,  erhu, and percussion, modern Cantonese Opera productions may include such Western instruments as the violin, cello, or even saxophone. Two different types of plays make up the Cantonese Opera repertoire- Mo, meaning martial arts, and  Mun, or intellectual- wherein the melodies are entirely secondary to the lyrics.  Mo performances are fast-paced, involving stories of warfare,  bravery  and betrayal. The actors often carry weapons as props, and the elaborate costumes may be as heavy as actual armor. Mun, on the other hand, tends to be a slower, more polite art form. The actors use their vocal tones, facial expressions, and long flowing water sleeves to express complex emotions. Most of the Mun stories are romances, morality tales, ghost stories, or famous Chinese classic tales or myths. One notable feature of Cantonese Opera is the makeup. It is among the most elaborate makeup systems in all of Chinese Opera, with different shades of color and shapes, particularly on the forehead, indicating the mental state, trustworthiness, and physical health of the characters. For example, sickly characters have a thin red line drawn between the eyebrows, while comic or clownish characters have a large white spot  on  the bridge of the nose. Some Cantonese Operas also involve actors in open face makeup, which is so intricate and complicated that it resembles a painted mask more than a living face. Today, Hong Kong is at the center of efforts to keep Cantonese Opera alive and thriving. The Hong Kong Academy for the Performing Arts offers two-year degrees in Cantonese Opera performance, and the Arts Development Council sponsors opera classes for the citys children. Through such concerted effort, this unique and intricate form of Chinese Opera may continue to find an audience for decades to come.

Boys vs Girls

Guys vs. Girls Vive always been the kind of person who has more guy friends than girl friends. Girls tend to cause unnecessary drama, pick people apart and run their mouths. In truth, guys make better friends because they are lenient, arent as Judgmental and know how to be straightforward. Its always enjoyable spending time with people who are laid-back and relaxed. When hanging out with guys its about having a good time no matter how you look or what youre doing. Girls on the other hand are always checking to see if they look Kay and try to attract the most attention. Secondly, when it comes to disagreements guys argue and move on whereas girls hold grudges for months. More specifically, girls overbalance everything and get offended very easily. For this reason, it is preferable to have guy friends because guys dont take anything to heart. When theres a difference of opinions guys state their point of view and let it go whereas girls will bicker to tears and start unnecessary drama. Lastly, girls beat around the bush and sugarcoat the truth. When wanting an onset opinion guys arent afraid to say it like it is and tell you what they truly think. Girls tell you what you want to hear to attempt at saving your feelings even if it meaner telling a white lie. As a result guys make better companions because they dont avoid the truth and make situations easier to work out and communicate. Ultimately, when looking for a loyal, fun and honest friend choosing a guy over a girl is a better choice because you can be yourself, confide in them and have a drama-free friendship that lasts a lifetime.

Human Resource exam questions Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Human Resource exam questions - Coursework Example This eliminates conflict of interests, through hindering individuals from undertaking some tasks, exert authority or interfere with certain duties outside the confines of their jobs (Schwind, Das, & Wagar, 2010). Job analysis creates order, discipline and responsibility, by defining the duties and responsibilities of each worker (Schwind, Das, & Wagar, 2010). Additionally, Job analysis helps in preparing job description and job specifications necessary for hiring the right individuals for a job (Schwind, Das, & Wagar, 2010). Observation and interview methods of collecting job analysis information are recommended. This because, through observation, the investigator has an opportunity to get first hand information, since he/she can observe the tasks as they are being undertaken. This improves the validity of the information obtained (Schwind, Das, & Wagar, 2010). Interview method allows an opportunity for employees to give their suggestions on top of the already existing tasks. This im proves the nature of the information collected (Schwind, Das, & Wagar, 2010). Job description refers to a factual statement of the duties and responsibilities that are involved in a certain job task (Schwind, Das, & Wagar, 2010). ... Under this approach, an organization looks at its labor audit data, where it observes patterns such as the hiring, retirement, turnover and productivity (Schwind, Das, & Wagar, 2010). The approach is applied based on an assumption that the trend will remain stable. Therefore, an organization plans to increase or decrease their labor force, depending on the past trends, which are used to predict the future patterns (Schwind, Das, & Wagar, 2010). Depending on the predicted future situation, an organization can hire, reduce or maintain its work force. This approach is advantageous in that, it helps the organization predict its future demand and supply needs, based on the real data and experience that the organization has had in the past (Schwind, Das, & Wagar, 2010). However, the limitation is that the future needs may vary with the past and the current patterns, making an organization experience either a shortage or a surplus of human resources in the future (Schwind, Das, & Wagar, 201 0). Replacement chart This approach entails focusing on the available positions within an organization, and planning on how such positions will be taken up by internal employees, when their occupants exits the organization (Schwind, Das, & Wagar, 2010). This approach is futuristic, aiming at ensuring that all the key positions of the organization has potential replacement, while also planning for the occupation of other positions that might arise out of the expansion of the organization. This approach is beneficial since it ensures that the operations of an organization are not disrupted due to exits from the organization. The limitation for this approach is that the potential candidates